添加Lesson21

This commit is contained in:
2025-11-05 10:39:06 +08:00
parent ed22d4bcbd
commit 7ca83872f3
6 changed files with 262 additions and 0 deletions
+12
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@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Lesson20_反射练习", "Le
EndProject EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "反射练习库", "反射练习库\反射练习库.csproj", "{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}" Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "反射练习库", "反射练习库\反射练习库.csproj", "{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}"
EndProject EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Lesson21_特性", "Lesson21_特性\Lesson21_特性.csproj", "{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}"
EndProject
Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Lesson21_特性练习", "Lesson21_特性练习\Lesson21_特性练习.csproj", "{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}"
EndProject
Global Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -267,6 +271,14 @@ Global
{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU {86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU {86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU {86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
EndGlobalSection EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE HideSolutionNode = FALSE
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
</PropertyGroup>
</Project>
+182
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@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
namespace Lesson21_特性
{
#region
//特性是一种允许我们向程序的程序集添加元数据的语言结构
//它是用于保存程序结构信息的某种特殊类型的类
//特性提供功能强大的方法以将声明信息与 C# 代码(类型、方法、属性等)相关联。
//特性与程序实体关联后,即可在运行时使用反射查询特性信息
//特性的目的是告诉编译器把程序结构的某组元数据嵌入程序集中
//它可以放置在几乎所有的声明中(类、变量、函数等等申明)
//说人话:
//特性本质是个类
//我们可以利用特性类为元数据添加额外信息
//比如一个类、成员变量、成员方法等等为他们添加更多的额外信息
//之后可以通过反射来获取这些额外信息
#endregion
#region
//继承特性的基类 Attribute
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Field, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
class MyCustomAttribute : Attribute
{
//特性中的成员 一般根据需求来写
public string info;
public MyCustomAttribute(string info)
{
this.info = info;
}
public void TestFunc()
{
Console.WriteLine("特性的方法");
}
}
#endregion
#region 使
//基本语法
//[特性名(参数列表)]
//本质上 就是在调用特性类的构造函数
//写在哪里?
//类、函数、变量上一行,表示他们具有该特征信息
[MyCustom("额外信息例如说明")]
[MyCustom("额外信息例如说明")]
class MyClass
{
[MyCustom("12312321")]
public int value;
public void TestFunc(int a)
{
}
//[MyCustom("这是用来计算的函数")]
//public void TestFunc([MyCustom("函数参数")]int a)
//{
//}
}
#endregion
#region 使
//通过为特性类 加特性 限制其使用范围
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Struct, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true)]
//参数一:AttributeTargets — 特性嫩个用在哪些地方
//参数二:AllowMultiple — 是否允许多个特性实例用在同一个目标上
//参数三:Inherited — 特性是否能被派生类和重写成员继承
public class MyCustom2Attribute : Attribute
{
}
#endregion
#region
//过时的特性
//Obsolete
//用于提示用户 使用的方法等成员已经过时 建议使用新方法
//一般加在函数前的特性
class TestClass
{
//参数一:调用过时方法时 提示的内容
//参数二: true-使用该方法时会报错 false-使用该方法时直接警告
[Obsolete("OldSpeak方法已经过时了,请使用Speak方法", false)]
public void OldSpeak(string str)
{
}
public void Speak()
{
}
public void SpeakCaller(string str, [CallerFilePath] string fileName = "",
[CallerLineNumber] int line = 0, [CallerMemberName] string target = "")
{
Console.WriteLine(str);
Console.WriteLine(fileName);
Console.WriteLine(line);
Console.WriteLine(target);
}
}
#endregion
#region
//哪个文件调用?
//CallerFilePath特性
//哪一行调用?
//CallerLineNumber特性
//哪个函数调用?
//CallerMemberName特性
//需要引用命名空间 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
//一般作为函数参数的特性
#endregion
#region
//条件编译特性
//Conditional
//它会和预处理指令 #define配合使用
//需要引用命名空间using System.Diagnostics;
//主要可以用在一些调试代码上
//有时想执行有时不想执行的代码
#endregion
#region Dll包函数特性
//DllImport
//用来标记非.Net(C#)的函数,表明该函数在一个外部的DLL中定义。
//一般用来调用 C或者C++的Dll包写好的方法
//需要引用命名空间 using System.Runtime.InteropServices
#endregion
class Program
{
[Conditional("Func")]
static void Func()
{
Console.WriteLine("Func执行");
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 使
MyClass c = new MyClass();
Type t = c.GetType();
//t.Assembly.GetType();
//t = typeof(MyClass);
//t = Type.GetType("Lesson21_特性.MyClass");
//判断是否使用了某个特性
//参数1:特性的类型
//参数2:代表是否搜索继承链(属性和事件忽略此参数)
if (t.IsDefined(typeof(MyCustomAttribute), false) )
{
Console.WriteLine("该类型应用了MyCustomAttribute特性");
}
//获取Type元数据中的所有特性
object[] array = t.GetCustomAttributes(true);
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
if (array[i] is MyCustomAttribute)
{
Console.WriteLine((array[i] as MyCustomAttribute).info);
(array[i] as MyCustomAttribute).TestFunc();
}
}
#endregion
TestClass tc = new TestClass();
tc.OldSpeak("1123");
tc.Speak();
tc.SpeakCaller("123123");
Func();
}
}
}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
</PropertyGroup>
</Project>
+43
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
using System.Reflection;
namespace Lesson21_特性练习
{
internal class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(@"D:\VisualStudio2022\VisualStudio Programe\C#\C#进阶\反射练习库\bin\Debug\反射练习库");
Type[] types = assembly.GetTypes();
for (int i = 0; i < types.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(types[i]);
}
//得type
Type playertype = assembly.GetType("反射练习库.Player");
//实例化对象
object playerObj = Activator.CreateInstance(playertype);
Console.WriteLine(playerObj);
FieldInfo[] fields = playertype.GetFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fields.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(fields[i]);
}
//首先得到自定义特性的Type
Type atrribute = assembly.GetType("反射练习库.MyCustomAttribute");
//赋值名字
FieldInfo fieldStr = playertype.GetField("name");
if(fieldStr.GetCustomAttribute(atrribute) != null)
{
Console.WriteLine("非法操作,随意修改name成员");
}
else
{
//检测是否被自定义特性修饰 如果是 就不能更改 而是提示
fieldStr.SetValue(playerObj, "123123");
}
}
}
}
+5
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@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace namespace
{ {
class MyCustomAttribute: Attribute
{
}
public struct Position public struct Position
{ {
public int x; public int x;
@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@ namespace 反射练习库
} }
public class Player public class Player
{ {
[MyCustom()]
public string name; public string name;
public int hp; public int hp;
public int atk; public int atk;