添加Lesson21
This commit is contained in:
@@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Lesson20_反射练习", "Le
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EndProject
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Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "反射练习库", "反射练习库\反射练习库.csproj", "{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}"
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EndProject
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Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Lesson21_特性", "Lesson21_特性\Lesson21_特性.csproj", "{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}"
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EndProject
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Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Lesson21_特性练习", "Lesson21_特性练习\Lesson21_特性练习.csproj", "{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}"
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EndProject
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Global
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GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
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Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
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@@ -267,6 +271,14 @@ Global
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{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
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{86839643-1A23-454E-8B06-839900B3E032}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
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{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
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{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
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{806658BC-2943-461C-BD60-D3B51F0BA223}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
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{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
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{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
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{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
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{5C3AFDDF-23DF-4C9E-8335-42DB430D2EE4}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
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EndGlobalSection
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GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
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HideSolutionNode = FALSE
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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</PropertyGroup>
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</Project>
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@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
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using System.Diagnostics;
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using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
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namespace Lesson21_特性
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{
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#region 知识点一 特性是什么
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//特性是一种允许我们向程序的程序集添加元数据的语言结构
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//它是用于保存程序结构信息的某种特殊类型的类
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//特性提供功能强大的方法以将声明信息与 C# 代码(类型、方法、属性等)相关联。
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//特性与程序实体关联后,即可在运行时使用反射查询特性信息
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//特性的目的是告诉编译器把程序结构的某组元数据嵌入程序集中
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//它可以放置在几乎所有的声明中(类、变量、函数等等申明)
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//说人话:
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//特性本质是个类
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//我们可以利用特性类为元数据添加额外信息
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//比如一个类、成员变量、成员方法等等为他们添加更多的额外信息
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//之后可以通过反射来获取这些额外信息
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#endregion
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#region 知识点二 自定义特性
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//继承特性的基类 Attribute
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[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Field, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
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class MyCustomAttribute : Attribute
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{
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//特性中的成员 一般根据需求来写
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public string info;
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public MyCustomAttribute(string info)
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{
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this.info = info;
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}
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public void TestFunc()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("特性的方法");
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}
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}
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#endregion
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#region 知识点三 特性的使用
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//基本语法
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//[特性名(参数列表)]
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//本质上 就是在调用特性类的构造函数
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//写在哪里?
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//类、函数、变量上一行,表示他们具有该特征信息
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[MyCustom("额外信息例如说明")]
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[MyCustom("额外信息例如说明")]
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class MyClass
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{
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[MyCustom("12312321")]
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public int value;
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public void TestFunc(int a)
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{
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}
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//[MyCustom("这是用来计算的函数")]
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//public void TestFunc([MyCustom("函数参数")]int a)
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//{
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//}
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}
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#endregion
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#region 知识点四 限制自定义特性的使用范围
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//通过为特性类 加特性 限制其使用范围
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[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Struct, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = true)]
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//参数一:AttributeTargets — 特性嫩个用在哪些地方
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//参数二:AllowMultiple — 是否允许多个特性实例用在同一个目标上
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//参数三:Inherited — 特性是否能被派生类和重写成员继承
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public class MyCustom2Attribute : Attribute
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{
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}
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#endregion
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#region 知识点五 系统自带特性——过时特性
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//过时的特性
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//Obsolete
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//用于提示用户 使用的方法等成员已经过时 建议使用新方法
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//一般加在函数前的特性
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class TestClass
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{
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//参数一:调用过时方法时 提示的内容
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//参数二: true-使用该方法时会报错 false-使用该方法时直接警告
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[Obsolete("OldSpeak方法已经过时了,请使用Speak方法", false)]
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public void OldSpeak(string str)
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{
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}
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public void Speak()
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{
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}
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public void SpeakCaller(string str, [CallerFilePath] string fileName = "",
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[CallerLineNumber] int line = 0, [CallerMemberName] string target = "")
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{
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Console.WriteLine(str);
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Console.WriteLine(fileName);
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Console.WriteLine(line);
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Console.WriteLine(target);
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}
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}
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#endregion
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#region 知识点六 系统自带特性——调用者信息特征
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//哪个文件调用?
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//CallerFilePath特性
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//哪一行调用?
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//CallerLineNumber特性
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//哪个函数调用?
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//CallerMemberName特性
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//需要引用命名空间 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
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//一般作为函数参数的特性
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#endregion
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#region 知识点七 系统自带特性——条件编译特性
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//条件编译特性
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//Conditional
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//它会和预处理指令 #define配合使用
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//需要引用命名空间using System.Diagnostics;
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//主要可以用在一些调试代码上
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//有时想执行有时不想执行的代码
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#endregion
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#region 知识点八 系统自带特性——外部Dll包函数特性
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//DllImport
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//用来标记非.Net(C#)的函数,表明该函数在一个外部的DLL中定义。
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//一般用来调用 C或者C++的Dll包写好的方法
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//需要引用命名空间 using System.Runtime.InteropServices
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#endregion
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class Program
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{
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[Conditional("Func")]
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static void Func()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Func执行");
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}
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static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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#region 特性的使用
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MyClass c = new MyClass();
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Type t = c.GetType();
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//t.Assembly.GetType();
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//t = typeof(MyClass);
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//t = Type.GetType("Lesson21_特性.MyClass");
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//判断是否使用了某个特性
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//参数1:特性的类型
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//参数2:代表是否搜索继承链(属性和事件忽略此参数)
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if (t.IsDefined(typeof(MyCustomAttribute), false) )
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{
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Console.WriteLine("该类型应用了MyCustomAttribute特性");
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}
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//获取Type元数据中的所有特性
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object[] array = t.GetCustomAttributes(true);
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for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
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{
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if (array[i] is MyCustomAttribute)
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{
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Console.WriteLine((array[i] as MyCustomAttribute).info);
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(array[i] as MyCustomAttribute).TestFunc();
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}
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}
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#endregion
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TestClass tc = new TestClass();
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tc.OldSpeak("1123");
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tc.Speak();
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tc.SpeakCaller("123123");
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Func();
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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</PropertyGroup>
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</Project>
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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using System.Reflection;
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namespace Lesson21_特性练习
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{
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internal class Program
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{
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static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(@"D:\VisualStudio2022\VisualStudio Programe\C#\C#进阶\反射练习库\bin\Debug\反射练习库");
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Type[] types = assembly.GetTypes();
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for (int i = 0; i < types.Length; i++)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(types[i]);
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}
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//得type
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Type playertype = assembly.GetType("反射练习库.Player");
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//实例化对象
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object playerObj = Activator.CreateInstance(playertype);
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Console.WriteLine(playerObj);
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FieldInfo[] fields = playertype.GetFields();
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for (int i = 0; i < fields.Length; i++)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(fields[i]);
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}
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//首先得到自定义特性的Type
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Type atrribute = assembly.GetType("反射练习库.MyCustomAttribute");
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//赋值名字
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FieldInfo fieldStr = playertype.GetField("name");
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if(fieldStr.GetCustomAttribute(atrribute) != null)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("非法操作,随意修改name成员");
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}
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else
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{
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//检测是否被自定义特性修饰 如果是 就不能更改 而是提示
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fieldStr.SetValue(playerObj, "123123");
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}
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}
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}
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}
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@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
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namespace 反射练习库
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{
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class MyCustomAttribute: Attribute
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{
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}
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public struct Position
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{
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public int x;
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@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@ namespace 反射练习库
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}
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public class Player
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{
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[MyCustom()]
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public string name;
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public int hp;
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public int atk;
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